Surveying instrument



sept. 18, 1923.

G. D. MORGAN SURVEYING INSTRUMENT Filed June` l1, 1920 annum.

n. Monsun,

e a@ ogen F NEW' YGBK, N. Y.

SURVEYING I-NSTRUEENT,

applicati@ mea :unie i1,

To all iciomit'tmag/ concern.' l

it l-:novfn that l., (leonor D. lil-encart,

a citizen of thelclnited States, residingat New Yorlr city, in the county of New York, 5 State of New York, Vhave inventedL certain neiv and useful Improvements in Surveying Instruments; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and enact description oi' the invention, such Will enable others slzilledin tlieV art to which it appertains to maire and use the saine.

rl`his invention relates to asurveying instrument andmore particularlyto an instrumentespeeially adapted tor use in sur- Keying geological 'formations 'to determine the probablevv locaticnof petroleum `pools or other mineral deposits.

.Petroleum deposits occur in delinite-bodies or poolswvhose eti-ict location and extent 'can only be determined with certainty by drilling` a number of'iwells covering the locality to. be tested.- No surface indication will give an accurate and infallible knowledge ot' the occurrence and extent of petro- .leum pools. l.Vhere the rock formation in which petroleum may occupy slopes in opposite directions and forms ridges and valleysV in the supeiposed strata, it is often found Vthat a pool of gas collects' in the up- 30 per part ot' the ridge, that a pool of oil is .termed immediately under the gas, and the loiver part of vthe inclined stratum is illed With ,Water or brine, the various Vfluids collecting in the order or" their densities beneath a dome of impervious rock.. .Quite `often, therei'ore, the probability of the ocs currence of oil or gas in any given locality may be estimated by determiningV the slopes of outcroppingstrata in thevieinity of the territory tested, andin thismanner determining the position of domes or ridges and Vvalleys in the underlying` strata.V Ait is necessary, in surveying new or Wild cat.` ter-ritory to survey several hundreds of thousands oi' acres, or square miles, in order to map out those sections in which the oilproducing` indications are most favorable; 5 ln carryingl out these surveys,lit is customary to tirst send a scout who makes rougir obs vations and determines Vfrom these observations ivlietherfa particular district has favorable indications.V In many cases, this scour, may ind trom his observations that thereis substantially no probabil- A ity' of finding oil and that further investigaomer cases, th

transit use.

1.920. Serial No. Sln.

tion may tlieretoe be dispensed with; in

at the indications may be sul:- i'iciently favorable tol justify leasing the land. is a rule, however, a more accurate and thorouglisurvey must be made betere the land in which the indications are favorable ivill be le For this more accurate survey, surveying aarty must be sent out with instruments capable of greater accuracy, entailinlg` a much greater expense and a loss ot time which may be even more importantu'hen' there is keen competition in the obtaining` ot lease.

The primaryobject oit the p resent invention is to provide a surv ving instrument which may be as easily ried as the instruments the preliminary or rougir survey of tie land, and which is capable of also malring observations with an accuracy approaching that used in the second, more complete sur-- veys. Y

Another object of the invention to provide an instrument by means of which the general nature of the geological formation may be rapidly determined and by which the accuracy ot these observations may be increased wlien the more rapid observations lindicate that greater accuracy is necessary.

lV ith these and other objects in vievigtlie invention consists in the improved surveyim;` instrument hereafter described and delined in the claims. y rlhe various features o' the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which: Y

Fig. l is a perspective vievv oi a surveyin?, instrument en'ibodying the preferred torni ot' the invention, showing` the saine in open position on a tripodiior alidade and j Fin'. 2 is a vievr, `in side elevation, of the instrument shown in Fig. l, the parts beingr -in position for use as an alidade and an accurate clinOmeter.

Fig. 3 is a top plan vierv of the surveying instrument Y showing the parts in position for use Vas an alidade and triangulation transit; an d i Fig. e., is a detailvertical sectional view of. the magnetic compass.

The surveying;` instrument illustrated in the drawings is intended primarily as a. pocket instrument which may be folded and placed in a small case and be readily carried by a geologist in making preliminary surveys. The instrument embodies a .magnetic float dial compass of the ordinary Brunton type, a transit, a level7 a straight edge for plane table work, and an aneroid barometer for giving elevation readings.

The various parts of the surveying instrument illustrated in the drawings are mounted in a rectangular case which Ais preferably made of aluminum to avoid magnetic disturbances. VThe case 10 consists ot a hollow box-like body 12 and a. cover 14 which is connected to the top ot the body by a hinge 16 and arranged to be held in lined rectangular position on the body by means of a hook 18 having a cam tace arranged to eo-operate with an eye 26' on the cover. Or, in place of the hook and eye, any of the well known holding devices may be used. A circular Brunton compass 22 and an aneroid barometer 24 are mounted in the body 12 and a telescope 26 is pivotally secured to the cover 14.

The Brunton compass 22 consists ot a float dial compass 28 and a sight level lever 30 which are mounted in a. cylindrical casing 32. The dial 28 is mounted on a. vertical pivot 83 secured in the bottom of the ease 32 and has the usual magnetic deflections. The dial is graduated and moves within a corresponding circle 34 which is: provided Apivot 33.

with vernier graduations 88'- and 39 ar ranged at ninety degrees from one. another. TheV circle 36 may be angularly adjusted to provide for magnetic declination by means of the usual screw gear 41. For. ma ring rough determinations of direction with the compass, sights 40 and 42 are. used.V Th

sight 40 is attached to the end of the body 12 and the sight 42 consists ot a line formed on a glass window 44 mounted in the lower portion ot' the cover 14. These sights are on a line which intersects the axis ot the dial 28. i

` At the time the compass is not in use, it is desirable that the dial be raised off et theV To Vvaccomplish this, a lever 46 (Fig. 1) is pivoted to theA case 32 and one end slidably mounted on the pivot 38 in position to engage'the dial at its axis. To the other end ot the lever 46 is secureda plunger 48 arranged to engage a lug 56 on the cover 14 at the time the cover is closed.Y For this reason, the lug 50 is pivoted on the cover 14 and arranged to be turned downwardly so that it will not engage Vthe 'plunger 48 at the time the cover is closed.

To permit the compass to be observed when the cover 14 is closed, windows 44 and 52 are mounted in the cover in position to show the verniers 38 and 39.

The sight level attachment -forming a portion oi'i the Brunton compass comprises a bellcrank lever 30 which is secured to and movable with the pivot pin. 33 and an adjusting arm secured to the lower end ot the pin 83. The adjusting arm 54 is positioned in a de `pression 56 in the bottom oit. the case 32 to permit the instrument to rest flatly upon a plane table. Y One arruotthe bell-crank Vlever 30 is provided with a vernier scale 60 and the second armlis `tormedat right angies to the tirst arm and provided with a level bubble tube 62. The Vernier scale 60 is arrangedto move across a graduated arc 64 secured to thebottom ol the compass case 82. The sights 40 and 42 are usually used in conjunction with the level bubble 62 in making sight levels. and a mirror 66 is mounted onV the inner face of the lower halt of the cover 14 to assist in bringing the level bubble into adjusted position in the lsame manner that the usual Brunton compass is adjusted. It the instrument is'tobe used as a clinometer itmay rest upon the edge ot' a plane table or other surface and the level adjusted by .means of thej arm 54. At such time, one of the edges ot the box, the sights 40 or 42. or the telescope 26 may be employed tor sighting.

The telescope 26 is rotatably Vmounted upon the cover 14 and may be moved through a full circle to be used in any desired position.- To this end, the telescope is mounted in asleeve 68 which has a shank 76 'projecting thru thecover and a Vworm gear 72 is threaded to the other end of theV shank to hold the sleeve in a'i'reely rotatable position. The telescope is ,locked in the sleeve by means of a set screw 74, the end of the screw being arranged toengage openings 76 in the barrel ot the telescope byV which thetelescope may beheld in any one ot :tour positions at an angle of 90O with Vone another. B v this arrangement the usual Cross hairs and stadia lines may be used in the telescope and these may be brought into proper position for use with the telescopein anyo't its various positions. The telescope is prete ably arranged to be longitudinally movable in the sleeve 68 so that the -ends of the telescope may be moved to coincide with Y the ends of the case 10 when the instrument is closed to go into a case.

A graduated circle 7 8 is Jformed on the tace otthe-gear 72 adjacent the inner face of 'the `cover and isarranged to move under verniersSO and 82 secured to the inner surtace ot the cover opposite windows v84 and 86. T heverniersr and 82 project across the teeth ot the gear 7 2 and cooperate with thel graduated circle 78, the two verniersv being provided so that one may be used if the telescope covers the other. Thewtelescope Y is adjusted and locked in an adjusted position by means of a worm 88 which is Jformed on a spindle 90. T he outer end of the spindle is provided with a thumb nut 92 and the inner end of the spindle is journaled in a swivelled pin Y94 pivotally'mounted in the .lessees cover14. The worm is normally held-inV engagement with the teeth of the gear 72 by means of a leafV spring 96 which is attached to the cover with itsniree end in engagement. with the spindlev When it is desired to roughly adjustthe telescope orV to swing it through a large arc, the worm .may be moved out 'of engagement with the Vteeth Z2 to permit the gear to be freely movable. Accordingly a bearing' 98 is mounted on the Vspindle 90 adjacent the end ot' the spring 96 and has a shank projecting through a slot 100 in the cover with a thumb nut 102 threaded on its Vouter end. By releasinfT the thumb nut 102 the bearing' 98 may be moved downwardly in the slot 100 (view in Fig'. 1) to withdraw the worin S8 from the teeth ot the gear 72 and the Y thumb nut be used to lock thebearing in its lowered position.

When the telescope is used 'for reading' vertical angles it is desirable both that the instrument is used in 'conjunction with plane table or mounted on a tripod so that :it maybe adjusted int-oa level position.

Toy accomplish this. a striding level bubble tube 104 is normally/i positioned within the casing body 12 between the Brunton compass 22 and the aneroid baromet Yr The level tube 62 ot the Bruntoncoinpass may be readily adjusted substantially into a right angular posit-ion with reference to the level bubble -tube 104 and these two levels may Vbe used `for .bringing the instrument into. a level position. This leveling ot the instrument, ot course, being' Aaccoi'nplished by means of the usual ball and socket joint employed in tripods and Jacobs straits. A spring' clasp 106 is secured to the bottoni of the level tube 104i; which is arranged to engage a pin 108 mounted in the upper end of a boss 110 arranged to receive the screw ot the usual tripod or Jacobssta'ilf. The

clasp 10G holds a striding level in iixed posi- 104 is detachable romi the pin 108 and may be mounted uion the too Aoi thetelesco e it. as illustrated in Fig'. 2 roi' leveling4 purposes. When the level tube is positioned upon the telescope, it is locked in i'ired posi,

tion by means of the clasp 10G which engages a pin 112 secured in the barrel or" the telescope.

The sight 40 attached to the instrument body 12 isY in the forni of a pivoted latch."

The openinginthe sight Li0 is arranged to engage a pin 112 in the cover 14 to loclr the cover in closed pasition. l

In view ot the construction described above, it is obvious that the surveyingl instrument of the present inventioinmay be mounted Vemployed for many purposes, lor example:

it the instrument is being` used in the posipassy for determiiiingdirections, or the telescope may be used in conjunction with the compass tor determining' directions. At the same time, the telescope may be used for triangulation and for readingv vertical angles. It the instrument used in the open position shown in Fig'. 1, upon a plane table, the sights t0 and 4:2 or the telas-clinic 2G may be used for alidade work and the telescope may be used as a cliiiometer. Both the longitudinal and transverse sides ot the case may be used as a straight edge tor plane table worlr. lt the instrument closed` as illustrated in F 3, and used upon a. plane table, the telescope may be used tor triangulation and the saine time, the angles vread on the telescope scale 'TS may be checked with the readi y position the instrument may be used in conjunction with the sights-i0 and 4t2 as an ordinary Brunton compass for sight levelling'.

Usually the sights 4.0 and Li2. or an ede'e of the instrument will be used in making rough determinations with the instrument illustrated in the drawings. Then a neological formation is found with 'Favorable indications, the present instrument may be set up upon a tripod or4 plane table and the rough determination obtained by means ot' the siehts accurately checked by nieans ot a hi power escope. .Such an instrunient is capable or saving a great amount oi time oi' a lgeologist r engineer. since it is suitable i'or the rough determination and tor determinations ot any desired accuracy.

Furthermore, it is a folding pocket M. ment that may be carried anywhere that the geologist or engineer may desire to no. A The preferred torni of the invention having been described, what is claimed as new is:

1. A surveying instruir-,ent comprising' a case, a compass and a. leveling bubble tube mounted in said case, a sighting' device so :ii-ranged in relation to said level and said compass that inclinations and directions may be observed, a rotatable telescope on said casing' independently of said sighting' device for checking` readings ot said compass needle and said level.

le surveying instrument which coniprises an elon, .ted rectangular casing', a compass and leveling' device mounted in said casi-.ng5 a cover tor said casing, havin g' a. mirror on that portion covering the compass, a

ico

llO

Vsight on sight on saidV casing and a corresponding said cover, Windows n1' said cover covering a portion, ot said compass, a telescope rotatablyY mounted on the outside ol"V said cover and a graduated scale inovable ,with said telescope inounted on said cover.V

il. Asurveying instrument comprising a rectangular casing having straight edges, a magnetic compass mounted in said. casing7 sightsfinounted on said casing in co-operative relation to said compass for use as an alidade, and a telescope provided Wit-h a graduated scale secured to said casing in position to supplement said compass 'for use as an alidade.

5. A surveying instrument having in coinbination a rectangular casing comprising a body and a cover pivoted thereto, means 'for holding said cover in upright position on said body7 a telescope pivotall;7 niounted on said cover, a sca-le movable With said telescope arranged to read angles, sights mounted on said easing 'for cti-operation with said compass tor determining directions and a AleveA tube mounted on said casing. i I 1 easing, a cover tor said casing arranged to be secured in rottangular position With reference to the body ot said casing, a telescope inounted on said corel', a graduated scalo movable with said telescope and level tubes mounted in said casing arranged to be -placed iu right angular position with retefcuce to one another. Y

7. A slufveying instrument which coinprises a Vst said case said compass having a. vernier and co-operating'floating dial, a level in said case, a cover `for said ease, said covering luv-.fing a mirrored inner surface adjacent said compass and provided with a sighting line and windows over the scale ot said co1npass` a sight on said case, a telescope rotatably mounted on said cover, a. Worin Wheel rigidly attached to and rotatable with said telescope and a. releasableu'orin co-a-cting with said Worin Wheel.

straight edged case, a level tube in able Worin co-acting With said Worm WheelV mounted on said cover.'-V Y In testimonyv whereof I atlix my signature.

suenen D. MORGAN.

6. A surveying instrument comprising a iight edged case, a. compass in 1 fr surveying instrument which coin-V prises a said case7 a cover hinged to said case ar-V 

